SAR norms not suitable anymore
The ‘SAR’ standard used in Smartphones -like the iPhone- for measuring exposure of human tissue to radio signals has been heavily disputed over the last few years. The main reason for this is, that the SAR standard ONLY looks at energy absorbtion and subsequent tissue heating effect. Recent studies have shown, however, that the REAL risk is not in heating cell tissue, but in the devastating effects pulsating radiosignals can have on living Human cells and the mitrochondrial DNA of (neurological) cells.  Especially in Asia, a lot has been published on the effects of GSM signals to human tissues and human health.

Transmission Frequency and Transmission Power
In GSM’s and Smartphones the radio transmission frequency ranges from ±800 Megaherz (0.8 Gigaherz) to ±5000 Megaherz (5 Gigaherz). The power emission of these devices is adjusted automatically; based on the distance a device has to the ‘tower’. In practice the High Frequency power emission of a hand-held device like a Smartphone ranges from about 5 dBm to about 35 dBm That would be between 0.0031 Watt and 3.162 Watts. The scientific research in below papers has used exactly the frequency ranges as well as the HF power most commonly emitted by modern phones. So circumstances were tested that are similar to normal cellphone use.

‘Pulsy-ness’
An important aspect in digital radio communications is the extreme ‘pulsyness’ of the radiosignal. Transmitting digital information has the consequence that you not only broadcast pretty ‘dense’ signals; Because of the ‘slicing’ effect of digital modulation, a lot of undesired frequencies are generated in the process.  All in all this leads to a pretty powerful ‘signal-soup’ of which the effects on human (nerve) tissue are not yet very well known. Strangely enough the build-up of GSM infrastructure nowadays has taken a higher pace than the research on the effects in humans has.. We have gathered some scientific studies in this field, and the outcomes -for now- are pretty alarming. So for now we can only say: stay alert and keep yourself informed!!

ARTICLES

’10 Recommendations for EMF Safety’
by EMF*-wise (*Electro Magnetic Field). Acticle giving a condensed overview on the precautions you can take to avoid damage as a result of Electro Magnetic Fields that are surrounding you. The technologies and standards that are covered in this publication are Smartphones and GSM’s; WiFi; Bluetooth; DECT telephones; Plasma TV’s, TL-lighting; CFL lightbulbs (‘low energy bulbs’)PC’s; Power lines.

[download scientific article as PDF file]

Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) Safety Standards. Generic safety standards for equipment using high frequency electromagnetic fields, including DECT telephony, Radio, TV, WiFi, GSM, Smartphones, Bluetooth and more.

[download scientific article as PDF file]

‘The influence of human head model wearing metal frame spectacles to the changes of SAR and antenna gain: simulation of frontal face exposure’. by Mohd H. Mat, Fareq Malek, William G. Whittow,Suzanna H. Ronald, Muhammad S. Zulkefli, Norshafinash Saudin, and Latifah Mohamed. Article on the unexpected HF energy spreading effects of  metal spectacles (yes, glasses!) in strong GSM / Smartphone fields. The article adresses effects in the 0.9 Gigaherz as well as the 1.8 Gigaherz range.  Modern Smartphones and GSM’s use both the 0.9 Gigaherz as well as the 1.8 Gigaherz band in a pulsating fashion.

[download scientific article as PDF file]

‘Oxidative changes and apoptosis induced by 1800-MHz electromagneticradiation in NIH/3T3 cells’ by Qingxia Hou, Minglian Wang, Shuicai Wu, Xuemei Ma, Guangzhou An, Huan Liu, and Fei Xie. Article on cell damage and cell death as a result of pulsed electromagnetic radiation in the 1.8 Gigaherz range. Modern Cellphones use the 1.8 Gigaherz band in a pulsating fashion.

[download scientific article as PDF file]

‘Exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in primary cultured neurons’ By Shangcheng Xu, Zhou Zhou, Lei Zhang, Zhengping Yu, Wei Zhang, Yuan Wang,Xubu Wang, Maoquan Li, Yang Chen, Chunhai Chen, Mindi He, Guangbin Zhang, Min Zhong. Article on the influence of pulsating electromagnetic radiation in the 1.8 Gigaherz range on human mitrochondrial DNA and on human neurons. Modern Smartphones and GSM’s use the 1.8 Gigaherz band in a pulsating fashion.

[download scientific article as PDF file]

Toezichtarrangement Mobiele Communicatie by Agentschap Telecom (Central Dutch Governmental Agency governing Telecommunication Services). Legal description of the way the ‘Agentschap Telecom’ will monitor and enforce the permits for public electronic communication networks in the 800, 900, 1800, 1900, 2100 en 2600 MHz band. (0.8 Ghz; 0.9Ghz; 1.8 Ghz; 1.9Ghz; 2.1Ghz; 2.6 Ghz bands. The article describes test methods and -circumstances; field strength norms and measurement methods as well as base station transmission power to the parties involved in the Netherlands. (Ziggo, Vodafone, T-Mobile, KPN and Tele2). My observation: The average transmission power of 2.6 Ghz base stations is allowed to be around 52 dBm and the peak power around 62dBm. This equals 158,48 Watts, resp. 1258.925 Watts. Scary!! That is more than a microwave oven (typical 900 watts @ 2.450 Ghz) Furthermore all parties involved ar forced to obtain a minimal field strength in the area’s they service. This will undoubtedly influence the amount of transmitters as well as the transmission power used tremendously…

[download scientific article as PDF file]